能增加自然光及减少背景光的台灯

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mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >一、mso-hansi-font-family:'Times New Roman';mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >课题来源：据报导当代中小学生近视眼发病率已高达1/mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >2～1/3之多，其中有多种原因：有饮食成分法，用眼卫生法等。我认为我们许多font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >台灯mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >照明不科学也是重要原因之一。mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >二、教室照明存在现状：font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >

mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >1、许多教室采用布窗帘遮挡阳光，而全部采用电光转换率高于白炽灯的日光灯（荧光灯）。mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >2、教室的灯许多灯管裸露，有强光可直接照到学生眼睛上。mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >3、黑板或电脑显示屏上有灯与窗外光的反光影子，使文字与图像模糊。mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >4、几乎所有内墙采用外光率高的白色。mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >

mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >三、问题提出：为何古代文人夜读采用光线微弱的油灯，但近视眼发病率并不高于当代学生？mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >四、原理：1、尽量采用自然日光：由于太阳光内所含从红外线到紫外线所有可见光，而人眼视网膜内的锥形感光细胞有红、绿、蓝三种，能同时工作，所以不累。而且太阳光没有频闪，是完全照射，人眼也不累。mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >2、日光灯的缺陷：日光灯虽电光转换率较高，但其光波较窄，造成部分感光细胞工作而另一部分感光细胞不工作，而且是冷光源，有频闪，使感光细胞工作累，这二点不如白炽灯。mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >3、人眼内有瞳孔，会随光线强弱而调节大小。font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >背景光暗，那么虹膜会是瞳孔变大，背景光亮，虹膜会使瞳孔变小，mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >（1）、在黑夜中可在弱光中看清景物，但一旦有汽车前光灯照到眼睛会发现周围一片漆黑，这是因为瞳孔在前者时放大，而在有光照时会收缩。（2）、在看“拉洋片”时图像很清晰，这是因为周围无干扰光。（3）、在电影院放电影前放幻灯片，场内有照明灯时幻灯图像很模糊，一旦关闭照明灯后，图像立刻清晰。（4）、在太阳光直射下看书会感到眼睛很不舒服，因为背景光太强而造成瞳孔收缩，看物灵敏度会降低。font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >5)在黑暗中看东西使瞳孔变大，但当突然有亮光时，就会一下子眼睛睁不开。font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >

mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >4、LED灯照明：由于LED灯光谱较窄，也不宜做照明台灯。mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >五、观点及措施：1、尽量采用日光自然照明。mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >2、尽少采用单纯日光灯照明，可采用日光灯、LED灯、卤素灯组成的复合灯，互补光谱与克服频闪缺点。mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >3、不使灯光直接照射眼睛，可采用光栅板、漫反射法、磨砂玻璃灯罩法。mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >4、不使灯光直接照射黑板与电脑显示屏，或采用小反射特性的显示屏。mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >5、教室周围墙壁可采用漫反射的墙体与弱反射墙体。（不用反射率强的白色）mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >6、照明窗位置上移至人眼高度以上。（1.8米以上）mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >

mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >7、采用反射式百页窗，使日光照射到室内天花板上再反射下来，既可少用灯照明，节省电能，又可多用日光照明，改善照明质量，防止近视眼发生。mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >8、用不同光波的LED灯互补。mso-hansi-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:12.0000pt;
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mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >9. font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >眼睛中的红，蓝，绿三种光配合成白色，所以想要改进就得使用两种灯光，例如红光黄光，蓝绿频闪来使人的眼睛都能工作，而不用屏闪能够使人眼工作并且不是很累。这种灯会使比较凹进去，像手电筒一样直接照在要看的东西上面，眼睛因为看近的东西所以会与凹的东西互相符合，从使眼睛更好的看东西。font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >

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font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >研究成果font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >

font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >我的台灯测量出来的是5138K，而人眼正符合这种亮光的照明。font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;" >